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　　罗茨鼓风机作为容积式气体输送设备的典型代表，其启停操作直接影响设备寿命与运行稳定性。本文从技术规范角度，系统阐述标准化操作流程与关键注意事项。

　　As a typical representative of volumetric gas conveying equipment, the start stop operation of Roots blower directly affects the service life and operational stability of the equipment. This article systematically elaborates on standardized operating procedures and key considerations from the perspective of technical specifications.

　　一、启动前准备与安全检查

　　1、 Preparation and safety check before startup

　　机械状态确认

　　Mechanical status confirmation

　　检查地脚螺栓、联轴器护罩等紧固件是否完好，手动盘车确认转子旋转无卡滞，轴承游隙符合设备手册要求。

　　Check whether the anchor bolts, coupling guards, and other fasteners are intact, manually rotate the rotor to confirm that there is no jamming, and the bearing clearance meets the requirements of the equipment manual.

　　确认润滑系统油位处于视窗1/2至2/3区间，油品粘度等级符合环境温度要求，北方冬季需采用低温润滑脂。

　　Confirm that the oil level of the lubrication system is within the range of 1/2 to 2/3 of the window, and that the viscosity grade of the oil meets the requirements of the ambient temperature. Low temperature grease should be used in winter in northern China.

　　管路系统核查

　　Pipeline system verification

　　排气阀门应处于全开状态，避免带压启动对齿轮箱造成冲击。旁通管路需保持畅通，作为紧急泄压通道。

　　The exhaust valve should be fully open to avoid impact on the gearbox caused by pressure starting. The bypass pipeline needs to be kept unobstructed as an emergency pressure relief channel.

　　进口消音器滤网清洁度达标，阻力值≤500笔补，必要时采用压缩空气反向吹扫。

　　The cleanliness of the imported muffler filter meets the standard, with a resistance value of ≤ 500Pa. If necessary, compressed air can be used for reverse blowing.

　　电气联锁校验

　　Electrical interlocking verification

　　确认电机转向与设备标示一致，通过点动测试验证旋转方向，反转会导致转子瞬间碰撞。

　　Confirm that the motor direction is consistent with the equipment label, verify the rotation direction through jog testing, and reverse rotation will cause instantaneous collision of the rotor.

　　检查过载保护装置设定值，电流阈值应为额定电流的1.1-1.2倍，避免频繁跳闸。

　　Check the setting value of the overload protection device, and the current threshold should be 1.1-1.2 times the rated current to avoid frequent tripping.

　　二、标准化启动流程

　　2、 Standardized initiation process

　　空载预热阶段

　　No load preheating stage

　　启动润滑油泵，循环10-15分钟，确保轴承箱与齿轮啮合面形成稳定油膜。观察油温变化，冬季需配置加热器维持油温≥15℃。

　　Start the lubricating oil pump and cycle for 10-15 minutes to ensure a stable oil film is formed between the bearing housing and the gear meshing surface. Observe changes in oil temperature, and in winter, a heater should be installed to maintain an oil temperature of ≥ 15 ℃.

　　渐进加载程序

　　Progressive loading program

　　关闭旁通阀，以20%间隔逐步调节进气阀开度，每次调整间隔3-5分钟，使转子逐步适应载荷变化。

　　Close the bypass valve and gradually adjust the opening of the intake valve at 20% intervals, with a 3-5 minute interval between each adjustment, to gradually adapt the rotor to changes in load.

　　监控轴振动速度有效值，≤4.5尘尘/蝉为正常范围，超过6.0尘尘/蝉需紧急停机检查。

　　The effective value of the monitoring shaft vibration speed is ≤ 4.5mm/s, which is within the normal range. If it exceeds 6.0mm/s, an emergency stop inspection is required.

　　工况参数整定

　　Setting of working condition parameters

　　待出口压力稳定后，调节安全阀开启压力至额定工作压力的1.05-1.1倍，形成双重保护机制。

　　After the outlet pressure is stable, adjust the opening pressure of the safety valve to 1.05-1.1 times the rated working pressure to form a dual protection mechanism.

　　校验压力表、温度传感器精度，误差范围应符合GB/T 12242标准要求。

　　Verify the accuracy of pressure gauges and temperature sensors, and ensure that the error range meets the requirements of GB/T 12242 standard.

　　叁、正常停机操作规范

　　3、 Normal shutdown operation specifications

　　卸荷停机程序

　　Unloading shutdown program

　　逐步开启旁通阀，以30%间隔分阶段卸载，每次调整间隔不少于5分钟，避免压力突变导致转子反向冲击。

　　Gradually open the bypass valve and unload in stages at 30% intervals, with each adjustment interval not less than 5 minutes, to avoid sudden pressure changes that may cause rotor reverse impact.

　　关闭进气阀，待电流降至空载值后执行断电操作，禁止带压停机。

　　Close the intake valve and perform a power-off operation after the current drops to the no-load value. Do not shut down under pressure.

　　后处理与防护

　　Post processing and protection

　　停机后持续运转润滑系统20-30分钟，防止高温油品碳化。轴承箱温度降至40℃以下方可停泵。

　　Run the lubrication system continuously for 20-30 minutes after shutdown to prevent carbonization of high-temperature oil products. The pump can only be stopped when the temperature of the bearing box drops below 40 ℃.

　　南方潮湿环境需定期盘车，每24小时旋转180°，避免转子轴系变形。

　　The humid environment in the south requires regular turning, rotating 180 ° every 24 hours to avoid deformation of the rotor shaft system.

　　四、特殊工况处置方案

　　4、 Special working condition disposal plan

　　喘振预防措施

　　Surge prevention measures

　　当出口压力波动幅度超过额定值的20%时，立即开启旁通管路泄压，同步检查管路阻力特性。

　　When the fluctuation amplitude of the outlet pressure exceeds 20% of the rated value, immediately open the bypass pipeline to release pressure and synchronously check the resistance characteristics of the pipeline.

　　调整导叶开度，使工作点远离喘振边界线，安全裕度≥15%。

　　Adjust the opening of the guide vanes to keep the working point away from the surge boundary line, with a safety margin of ≥ 15%.

　　高温应急处理

　　High temperature emergency response

　　轴承温度超过85℃时，检查冷却水流量是否达标，必要时切换备用冷却回路。

　　When the bearing temperature exceeds 85 ℃, check whether the cooling water flow meets the standard, and switch to the backup cooling circuit if necessary.

　　润滑油温过高需启用油冷却器，确保油品粘度不低于ISO VG 32标准。

　　If the lubricating oil temperature is too high, an oil cooler should be activated to ensure that the viscosity of the oil is not lower than the ISO VG 32 standard.

　　五、维护保养关键节点

　　5、 Key maintenance milestones

　　周期性检测项目

　　Periodic testing items

　　每运行2000小时进行转子间隙检测，轴向间隙应≤0.15尘尘，径向间隙≤0.30尘尘，超标需返厂维修。

　　Perform rotor clearance testing every 2000 hours of operation, with axial clearance ≤ 0.15mm and radial clearance ≤ 0.30mm. If it exceeds the standard, it needs to be returned to the factory for repair.

　　同步齿轮啮合间隙每半年校验一次，侧隙标准值为0.25-0.35尘尘。

　　The meshing clearance of synchronous gears is verified every six months, and the standard value of side clearance is 0.25-0.35mm.

　　易损件更换周期

　　Replacement cycle of vulnerable parts

　　空气滤芯每运行500小时清洁，1500小时更换，阻力超过1办笔补必须更换。

　　The air filter should be cleaned every 500 hours of operation and replaced after 1500 hours. If the resistance exceeds 1kPa, it must be replaced.

　　轴封件累计运行4000小时更换，泄漏量超过5尘尝/丑时提前更换。

　　Replace the shaft seal after a cumulative operation of 4000 hours, and replace it in advance when the leakage exceeds 5mL/h.

　　罗茨鼓风机的标准化启停操作是保障设备可靠运行的基础，需严格遵循操作规程并建立设备健康档案。通过实施预防性维护策略，可显着延长设备使用寿命，降低非计划停机风险。

　　The standardized start stop operation of Roots blowers is the foundation for ensuring reliable operation of equipment, and it is necessary to strictly follow the operating procedures and establish equipment health records. By implementing preventive maintenance strategies, the service life of equipment can be significantly extended and the risk of unplanned downtime can be reduced.

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